After more than 11 years abroad — a decade of it behind bars — former DR Congo warlord Jean-Pierre Bemba returned home on Wednesday, a move likely to ratchet up tension in the volatile country.
Bemba, 55, throwing down the gauntlet to his rival President Joseph Kabila, has vowed to contest twice-delayed elections due to take place on December 23.
He arrived at Kinshasa airport from Belgium aboard a private plane after the International Criminal Court (ICC) acquitted him of war-crimes charges in June.
A few minutes after landing, Bemba, accompanied by his wife, went into a VIP suite at the airport, an AFP reporter saw.
Hundreds of police were deployed at the airport, in Kinshasa’s main streets and around the headquarters of Bemba’s party, Movement for the Liberation of the Congo (MLC).
Analysts say Bemba’s return throws even more uncertainty into an already volatile election. Candidates must submit their applications by August 8 and physically be in the country to do so.
The Democratic Republic of Congo has never known a peaceful transition of power since it gained independence from Belgium in 1960 — and some experts fear the current crisis may spiral into bloodshed.
Two wars unfolded from 1996-97 and from 1998-2003 that sucked in other countries in central and southern Africa. Smaller, but still bloody, conflicts dog the center and east of the vast country today.
Kabila tension
Kabila, 47, took over from his father, Laurent-Desire Kabila, after he was assassinated by a bodyguard in 2001.
His regime has a long reputation for corruption, inequality and unrest.
Kabila was scheduled to stand down at the end of 2016 after his second elected term, technically the last permitted under the constitution.
But he has stayed in office, invoking a constitutional clause enabling him to stay in power until a successor is elected.
He has refused to spell out whether he will seek a new term. Political sources say he has been lately scouting around for a favorable candidate that he could support, which would enable him officially to step down.
Dozens have died in anti-Kabila protests amid the mounting political uncertainty. The influential Roman Catholic Church has called for three days of popular mobilization on August 12-14 should Kabila announce a re-election bid.
“Kabila can no longer stand again, the constitution is there — if it is not respected, it’s a disaster for the country,” Bemba said in Brussels last month.
“I am campaigning for a single opposition candidacy,” he said, adding, this would “not necessarily be me”.
Another rival to Kabila — tycoon Moise Katumbi, 53, a former governor of the mineral-rich province of Katanga — plans to return home on Friday from self-imposed exile abroad.
The third big opposition figure is Felix Tshisekedi of Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UPDS), which was headed by former prime minister Etienne Tshisekedi until his death last year.
Warlord past
Bemba was once an assistant to former dictator Mobutu Sese Seko.
In the late 1980s, he founded the MLC — then a rebel group but now a political party — with help from neighbouring Uganda.
In 2003, he became vice-president under a peace deal to end the fighting. Bemba’s MLC had managed to overrun the country’s north.
Three years later he stood against the incumbent Kabila in presidential elections and lost the run-off. He claimed the vote was rigged.
Bemba in turn was accused of treason when his bodyguards clashed with the army in Kinshasa and then fled to Belgium, where he spent part of his youth.
He was then arrested in Europe on a warrant by the ICC for war crimes committed by his private army in the neighbouring Central African Republic between 2002-3, when its then president, Ange-Felix Patasse, sought his help to repel a coup attempt.
He was sentenced in The Hague in 2016 to 18 years before the conviction was overturned on appeal in June. The court ruled Bemba could not be held responsible for crimes committed by his troops.
Bemba, who also has the title of senator, is not completely free of the ICC. The court is due to issue a ruling in a separate case in which Bemba was sentenced to jail and fined 300,000 euros ($350,000) in 2017 for bribing witnesses during his main war crimes trial.
However, he has already spent a decade behind bars, and legal experts expect him to be released definitively if this time is taken into account.
